4. Gerard Mercator, Russia cum confinijs. Duisburg, 1595. COLLBN Port 159 N 15
Gerard Mercator's Atlas was published posthumously 1595 in Duisburg. His map of Russia demonstrates that Muscovia, like Galicia, considered itself heir to Kyivan Rus', hence her name also became Russia. The first tsar (1478) used this heritage as a myth of origin to distinguish Muscovy from its immediate Mongol past and to nourish its self-image as heir to Byzantium. With the capture of Kazan Khanate by Ivan the Terrible (1552), the road to Siberia was laid open. South-east of the Dnieper you see the Khanate of Crimea. Mercator also devoted a separate map to the Crimean Tatars. On his map of Russia, the area around Kyiv (Kiof) is still part of Lithuania, although after the personal union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1569), it came under Poland like Volhynia and Podolia.