21. Plan Goroda Chernigova. Chernigov, ±1890. COLL.S/T U.2m.60
Medieval Chernigov/Chernihiv consisted of an enclosure (2), with courts for princes and boyars and with churches and barracks. It was encircled by the town proper. A third quarter with artisans and merchants lay near the river. The greatly expanded city still cherishes five medieval churches (1, 2, 3 and 5) and the first college (1702) east of the Dnieper (2). During the second half of the 19th century, when secret societies covered most cities of Ukraine, Chernihiv sustained one of the more radical brotherhoods. At first the Ukrainian national movement included anti-Russian as well as pro-Russian strands. The latter believed that the fate of Ukraine was tied to the transformation of the whole empire. But the complete ban on printing in the Ukrainian language (1876) helped anti-Russian activists to triumph. At the end of that century Chernihiv's population amounted to 27.000 (before the recent invasion, almost 300.000) of which 11.000 were Jews.